Conditional

THE FOUR CONDITIONS

Conditional type 0 >> ZERO CONDITIONAL

IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + SIMPLE PRESENT

Used for scientific facts or general truth

EXAMPLE

If you heat butter, it melts.

If you put water in a cooler, it freezes.

If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.

If you cross an international date line, the time changes.

If you drop ice in water, it floats.

If iron gets wet, it rusts

Conditional type I >> FIRST CONDITIONAL

Used to talk about things which are possible in the present or the future. It is generally used for things which may happen

IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + SIMPLE FUTURE

EXAMPLE

If you study hard, you will pass your exams.

If we do not protect the panda bears, they will soon become extinct.

IMPERATIVE + OR / AND + SIMPLE FUTURE

EXAMPLE:

Don't say a word about this, or I will kill you.

Finish your job, and you will have a bonus.

IMPERATIVE + IF / IN CASE + SIMPLE PRESENT

EXAMPLE:

Contact me if you need any help.

Call them in case you need help.

Conditional type II >> SECOND CONDITIONAL

Used to talk about things which are unreal (not true or not possible) in the present or the future.

It is generally used for things which don't or won't happen.

It is generally used for things which may happen

IF + SIMPLE PAST + SIMPLE CONDITIONAL

If FIRST verb in the sentence is TO BE, WERE is used for all persons.

EXAMPLE:

If I were rich, I would buy a castle.

If I were him, I would go and see a doctor.

If elephants had wings, they would be able to fly.

Conditional type III >> THIRD CONDITIONAL

Used to talk about unreal situations in the past, that is, things which did not happen in the past.

IF + PAST PERFECT + CONDITIONAL PERFECT

EXAMPLE:

If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you.

The real situation was that I didn't know you were sick. So I say If I had known... When you are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (I had known) after IF.

EXAMPLE:

If you had saved your money, you could have bought a laptop.

The real situation was that you didn't save your money. So they say If you had saved... When you are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (you had saved) after IF.

EXAMPLE:

If you hadn't been late for work so often, they wouldn't have fired you.

The real situation was that you wasn't early for work. So they say If you hadn't been late... When you are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (you hadn't been late) after IF.

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